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The Great Men in the Shadows
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Located in the picturesque bay
at the mouth of river Krka
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Šibenik has always, for centuries,
due to its unique location,
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stood side by side with most developed
cities of eastern Adriatic coast.
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However, the circumstances changed drastically
during the middle of the 17th Century
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when the Plague epidemy decimated
the city population
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changing the demographic picture
of the city.
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Šibenik was brought to stagnation
in development
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which lasted until
the second half of the 19th century.
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In the year 1872. as the first
municipal prefect of the City of Šibenik
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Ante Šupuk, a member of
Croatian National party, was elected.
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That historical day determined the start
of a new era in the development of the city
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which would be marked by its
fast development and transformation
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into an important municipal center.
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During the modernization period
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Šibenik would gradually transform from
undeveloped medieval society
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into the developed industrial city.
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The great role in that transaction was
held by the Major Ante Šupuk.
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Despite that fact if you take a walk
through the city today
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in search for the signs of Šupuk legacy
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you would surprisingly find
almost nothing.
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Not even a memorial
plaque devoted to him.
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One could wonder who Ante Šupuk
really was...
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Ante Šupuk
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...the Visionary of the City...
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In the first half of the 19th Century
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Dalmatia was a part of the
Austrian Empire
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known as Dalmatian Kingdom.
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The other parts of Croatian teritory
under Austrian Empiere were
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Banovina of Croatia and Slavonia.
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Intensifcation of politicing in Empire
during the 1860-ies
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also had an effect on the
political life in Dalmatia
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which was characterised by
confrontation of two main political streams:
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Autonimist and Nationalist.
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The center of Dalmatian Kingdom
was Zadar
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while the neighbouring Šibenik
was scraping along
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as an undeveloped,
almost rural society.
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A society in which small
craftsmanship represented
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the main production activity.
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The dominant role in Dalmatia
was held by
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doc. dr. sc. Ante Bralić, University of Zadar
the Patrician-Bourgeois class
of the coastal Dalmatian cities,
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which at that time accepted the
ideology of 'Slavodlamatism'.
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Slavodalmatism is a sort of
ideological teaching
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which claims that people od Dalmatia
are Slavs in their origins
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but under strong influence of the
Italian culture and language.
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Anyhow, the Dalmatians are not Croats
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but a special ethnic group.
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Slavodalmatian class had developed
a special political profilation
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known as 'Autonomist' stream,
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whose members advocated the
preservation of Dalmatian independance
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and refusal to attach to northern part
of Croatia, Banovina.
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1860-ies were a period of
intense political struggle
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between the Autonomists on one side
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and Nationalists groupation
on the other side.
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Nationalists advocated unification of
Dalmatia and Banovina of Croatia
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and introduction of Croatian
language in all the institutions
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from administration to education.
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prof. Joško Zaninović, arheologist and historian
1860-ies are years of awaking of
the national identity
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and attempts of Nationalists party to
take the governance
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from the Italian loyalists stream.
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Priest don Josip Mrkica
was working in Šibenik at that time
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and owing to him the famous
Public library was built
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on the site of todays
National Library.
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The Library was a center of
political and cultural thinking
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of Croats in Šibenik
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and has a exceptional role in
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the formation of
Croatian National Revival movement.
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Don Mrkica obviously
managed to persuade
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Ante Šupuk, a young Autonomist
at that time, to join
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the Movement and to become
its constituent part.
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Šupuk accepted the Revival
movement ideas
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and in 1873. became the
Major of Šibenik.
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Afterwards, he enters the Dalmatian Parliament
and then as a representative
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of Šibenik district enters
the Monarch Council in Wienna.
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Ante Šupuk, the descendant of a
prominent Šibenik family,
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served as a Major
for full 30 years.
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In addition to that
from 1870. till his death he was
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a representative in
Dalmatian parliament in Zadar.
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From 1879. he also served as a
representative in Council in Wienna.
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There, as a Representative of
Distrtict of Northern cities,
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Šibenik and Zadar,
he was sitting on the place number 250.
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In 1875. Monarch Franz Josef I
made a 15 days long journey
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starting from Opatia in Istria
on his new jacht 'Miramare',
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A jacht which was actually
a reconstructed British warship.
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Comming to Šibenik an
incident occured
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when Ante Šupuk,
a relatively young Major of the City,
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did not want to greet his Monarch
in neither German nor Italian,
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which were official languages
at that time.
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Ha rather started his greetings
by saying 'Your Majesty' in Croatian.
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Monarch found himself offended
so he turned away
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with all his suite and
ordered to head off to Skradin.
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There he was greeted by Major
Conte Borelli in Italian language.
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Afterwards they went to visit
Krka waterfalls.
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engineer Josip Mozer, researcher and publicist
Interesting fact was that Ante Šupuk
sent a carriage for Monarch
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which Monarch accepted.
So, in the end,
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Monarch did spend
half a day in Šibenik.
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River Krka ha always been
an intersection
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people, ideas, innovations.
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All of which had been bringing
prosperity and progress to the District.
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Water mill system on river Krka
was throughout the history
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important for economy
and basis for the development of industry.
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In 18th Century family Šupuk
acquired much property
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on left bank of Krka river,
from which the most important
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was part on Skradinski Buk waterfall
where mills were locatad.
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This preindustrial machinery enabled
Šupuk family to grow in economical strenght
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and invest capital in development
and expansion of their business.
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Industrial revolution came to Dalmatia later
compared to developed European countries.
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However, the situation changed drastically
when Ante Šupuk bacame the Major of Šibenik.
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Firstly, the potential of Krka river,
till then not exploited suficiently,
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was recognised and used for producition
of electricity on Skradinski Buk waterfall site.
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Šupuks son Marko, a sailor,
travelled a lot
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happened to find himself in 1891.
in Frankfurt am Mein
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during the first big
World Electrotechnic Exposition
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where all the inventions
and novelties were displayed.
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People from all around the world
were coming there to whitness everything.
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The exhibits stayed there for 6 months
so people could see how it all functioned.
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Could really...experience it all!
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Marko saw there first AC powerplant,
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which was supplying electricity,
through 175 km long lines, to exhibition premises
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where fountain was spraying water 6 meters
high powered by an electrical engine
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so people could see how the
motor drove the whole process.
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In addition to this engine people could see
a couple light bulbs, an electric arc type ones.
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All in all, one could really experience,
the manifestations of electricity, even touch!
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He was thrilled with it!
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Later he described evertything to his father.
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To Ante Šupuk idea of construction of powerplant
was presented by Sir Vjekoslav Meichsner,
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an engineer, investor and project designer,
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with whom would later Šupuk carry out
a couple of big communal projects in Šibenik.
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Šupuk agreed to become Meichsners main
partner in construction of first Croatian powerplant at Krka.
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Before all, he offered land on which
HPP would be built.
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A contact with someone who could build
something like that had to be established.
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Here emerged one big industrialist,
Michael Ganz, a Swiss from Zurich,
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who from his commercial reasons came to Budapest
and founded his firm Ganz
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and at first started the production
of DC motors and generators.
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When he was contacted by Šupuk in 1893
asking if they could build required AC system,
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bearly two years after the Exhibition,
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Michael Ganz replied:
'Mister Major we can do it...
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...eventhough it still hasn't been done in Europe!'
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At that time there were only rumors of such system
beeing planned to be built in USA.
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But still they agreed to make an experiment.
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Šibenik was far enough in
Province in Austro-Hungarian Empire
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so in case they failed...
noone would know.
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But if they succeeded...
noone would claim thier credit!
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And that was how it happened!
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They worked out the idea with Meischner,
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who investigated which permits
and administrative conditions had to be acquired.
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Bureaucracy then had similar form like today
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so a Building permit had to be issued.
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And then an array of documents
including inspections of engineers
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who had no knowledge of
how AC system worked
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but still had to make inspections
and sign the allowances!
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Interesting fact is that the
duo was so confident
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that even before they settled
the administrative barriers
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they ordered the machinery to ba made!
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It is important to highlight that
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25th August 1895 was the day
hydro plant at Niagara was comissioned,
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built by Teslas blueprints.
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But at that moment transmission
line, 40 km long,
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from HPP to the City of Buffalo
was not finished.
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Nor was the street lights and
transformer system finished.
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In other words this system
lacked some vital components.
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Therefore the Croatian power plant
Jaruga I on Krka waterfalls near Šibenik
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with transmission system on 3000V
and main transformer station near waterfront
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was fully bringing electricity to
11 km distant City.
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Despite the starting enthusiasm towards
the building of public lights system
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people in Šibenik still kept
a dose of caution.
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They were against the installation
of transmission lines on facades.
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Because of that transformer stations
were put on the roofs
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in order to be far from reach
to prevent possbible accidents.
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Rudolf Meichsner insisted on
installation of telephone line
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between his house and
machinery compartment in Jaruga
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That way he could constantly
be informed
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and this was the channel through which
he was informed of the first lights beeing lit.
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Bringing the electricity
to Šibenik was exhausting
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but eventually they menaged to
achieve it as planned and in time.
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When the lamps started glowing
the excitement was huge.
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The newspapers were writing that
Šibenik was glowing like Bethlehem.
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On that day two 'musics' were
flowing through the City:
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one national Croatian
along the Kallelarga
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and one Italian along the coast.
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It was important to avoid collisions
so they were going their own ways
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both praising the advent of electricity
to Kallelarga and City.
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At start 3 individual houses were lit:
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one Meichsers, one Šupuks and
one belonging to an enthusiast
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who suggested it himself in 1896.
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He listed precisely how many
bulbs and wires he needed
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and Šupuks company installed it.
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Electrification of Šibenik,
which among first cities,
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got the AC public lights systems
resonated far.
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Papers in Wienna and Zadar
were mentioning it.
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00:19:38,933 --> 00:19:43,483
It was really interesting to see
what was written
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00:19:43,788 --> 00:19:49,860
in Wienna by Austrian journalists.
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00:19:50,583 --> 00:19:56,613
He stated that noone was aware
how advaneced Šibenik was
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in comparisson to Wienna!
Just the National theatre in Šibenik proved it!
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1st of May 1891. Mazzoleni
theatre in Šibenik was lit
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00:20:30,485 --> 00:20:32,739
by 16 spotlights into which
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00:20:32,987 --> 00:20:36,206
glass plates of various
colors could be inserted.
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00:20:36,496 --> 00:20:40,194
That made the scene really
attractive and beautiful.
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Unfortunately it was
challenging for actors.
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Actress Leonora Duzen stated in one
interview in Trieste
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that in Šibenik under electrical spotlight
every fold on her face could be seen
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so she had to act
thoroughly different.
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Not by voice but with gestures
and expressions everything could be shown!
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Ante Šupuks commitment
resulted with Dalmatian Parliament
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reaching a decision to build
District Hospital
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with psychiatry institution attached.
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00:21:44,741 --> 00:21:48,062
The building of the hospital
based on the blueprints
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of a famous Austrian expert
Kruno Weidman
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was started in August 1881.
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The works were led by
Vjekoslav Meichsner.
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It was of a pavillion type
consisting of 9 stone buildings.
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24th of June 1883. was the
ceremonial oppening.
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00:22:13,393 --> 00:22:17,257
Meichsner and Šupuk,
but mostly Meichsner,
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00:22:17,459 --> 00:22:23,587
came with an idea to have
a pavillion type hospital in Šibenik with
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00:22:23,623 --> 00:22:29,680
all hospital units separated
first in the world!
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00:22:29,929 --> 00:22:33,550
That idea was copied later
numerous times all over the world.
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But today it is forgotten that Meichsner
first came with that idea
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and Šupuk as a Major financed it!
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The nearby Courthouse,
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was also designed
and build by Meichsner.
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It was designed so
that the prison was attached directly to it.
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All the credit Ante Šupuk deserves
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for the development of these parts
can't be forgotten.
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Bringing the railway to Šibenik
and building the water supply also included.
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For that all Monarch Franz Joseph I
honored him with knights title.
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It was the title that can't be inherited
by his sons, grandsons etc.
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It was exclusively for him
for the things he achieved.
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Ante Šupuk realized a
couple more important projects
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that vastly improved economy
and overall state of the City.
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In Year 1877. Šibenik got a connection
with railway Siverit-Split
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and afterwards water supply system
with drinking fountains across the city.
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Later, company Ante Šupuk & Son
built another hydro power plant: Jaruga II
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which si opertational even today.
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My grand-grandfather was very generous man,
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Danira Šupuk-Vuletin, grand-granddoughter of Ante Šupuk
a good hearthed man always ready to help.
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It was inherited by his children.
My father for example
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He was a hunter, who loved to hunt a lot,
and had many friends
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and they would often
meet and have drinks together.
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There he would meet people who,
for example, had no shoes or shirt.
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He would take of his off and give
them coming home covering his missing clothes.
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Making me wonder where
his shirt was!
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It was simple reply he would give
that he gave it to the poor and needy.
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That's the way all Šupuks were!
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Ante Šupuk was the
men of his people
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who in first place wanted good
for his City and people of Šibenik.
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And... he had luck to govern
a city which was at that time
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and given circumstances very interesting
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since it was on very brink of fast development..
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Ante Šupuk,
an entrepeneur and visionary,
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during whose mandate Croatian
language was introduced
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00:26:14,993 --> 00:26:17,380
as an official language
in administration.
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00:26:17,609 --> 00:26:21,098
He stayed humble despite
his success and the welfare
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00:26:21,356 --> 00:26:23,268
of his city was always
in the first place.
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00:26:23,750 --> 00:26:27,369
Šupuks credit for turning
Šibenik into a modern city are huge
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because thanks to his projects Šibenik
had undergone
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00:26:31,684 --> 00:26:33,829
a political, economical and cultural ascent
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00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:36,020
after 2 century long stagnation period.
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In the end he got the honor...
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...that not many politicians get:
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00:26:57,395 --> 00:26:59,262
Stanko Ferić, journalist and publicist
people of Šibenik dedicating song to him,
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and in the moment of his passing
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veiling whole city in black,
all poles and city lights,
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to express their grief and their loss.
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00:27:15,700 --> 00:27:19,016
The development of Šibenik
during the time of Ante Šupuk
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was known as golden age
of the City
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00:27:22,296 --> 00:27:27,776
which was, in coming years,
not likely to reoccur.
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00:27:28,135 --> 00:27:32,184
The ascent of the City as Šupuk planned it
had no leader in years to come after him.
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00:27:32,490 --> 00:27:37,061
Many political overturnes and instabilities
of political government
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could not maintain the stability
present during 20 years
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of Šupuks govern of the city.
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He was a person who recognised
public welfare and interests and
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00:27:53,198 --> 00:27:58,532
did everything to bring all the
institutions that trully made a city
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a great city...
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Continuing the search for Ante Šupuk
it is not hard to see
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that signs of his legacy are fading away.
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There is still no memorial in his honor...
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...just an old, stained photograph
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00:28:32,489 --> 00:28:35,496
which reminds us on passed times
of one visionary
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who was creating a great story...
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...about a small city...